International Family Law News & Analysis

Abu Dhabi creates family laws and bilingual family courts for non-Muslims

The new laws allow joint custody, equitable financial orders in divorces, civil marriage, and Western-style wills. They only affect Abu Dhabi, not the rest of the United Arab Emirates.

Abu Dhabi emitió una ley de divorcio para los no musulmanes

Italian divorce law is so unusual that couples flock to Collaborative Divorce to avoid court.

COLLABORATIVE DIVORCE HAS NOW TAKEN HOLD IN ITALY: STATUS AND PROSPECT

By Marco Calabrese

No compensation for spouse who changed continents, sacrificed career in marriage

i.e., no compensation other than getting half the martial property, the Virginia Court of Appeals says.

"Groom's international relocation, other sacrifices in marriage don't earn greater property share"

- - Virginia Family Law Appeals blog

"Community Property" may enter India's divorce law via Goa, from Portugal

"Goa provisions in new divorce law sought" - The Hindu, 5/7/12

 

India: Divorce a "raw deal" for women, gov't may increase it with shorter waits, "no-fault"

"The government wants changes in the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955 and Special Marriage Act of 1954 to provide ‘irretrievable breakdown of marriage’ as a new ground for parting ways. As of now, a minimum of six and maximum of 18 months of reconciliation or cooling off period is a must even if divorce is sought with mutual consent. An amendment bill likely to be considered by the union cabinet on Friday proposes to grant courts the power to reduce or waive off the cooling period. “If the court is convinced of breakdown of marriage, divorce could be granted immediately,” said a senior government official. ... 

"To safeguard the interests of women, however, the amendment bill gives them the right to oppose divorce petitions filed by husbands on grounds of irretrievable breakdown of marriage. The women can argue that the divorce will cause financial hardships and affect their children’s future. Men will not have this right if wives seek divorce on the same ground."

"Government proposes laws for quicker divorce" by Chetan Chauhan & Nagendar Sharma, Hindustan Times. New Delhi, March 22, 2012; describing The Marriage Laws (Amendment) Bill 2010 (full text here). Cited in "For Indian Women, Divorce Is a Raw Deal" By PAMPOSH RAINA, - March 22, 2012, which also says "how biased the system is against women, who can be left financially destitute even if their husband is wealthy", and describes feminist lawyers who advocate "even more significant changes to India’s marital laws, including the introduction of a new legislation which will give women the right to marital property."

 

International marriage fraud with dowry issues

Muntha v. Tigulla, No. 97-738636-DO, (Fam. Div. Wayne Co. Mich. 10/16/98)

DIVORCE – ANNULMENT – PROPERTY – FRAUD ANNULMENT SUBSTITUTED FOR DIVORCE BECAUSE DIVORCE BAD FOR WIFE IN HER NATIVE INDIA – DOWRY AS SEPARATE-PROPERTY GIFT TO WIFE

Although this case is over a year old, this week is the first time a transcript of it has been prepared. While the judge’s solution to the problem is somewhat unique, the underlying situation is increasingly common for lawyers who deal with immigrants from South Asian countries. 

This was an arranged marriage.  When the wife came to the United States two months after the marriage, the husband already had a relationship with another woman, who had been living in the home until just before the wife arrived.  The wife was immediately abandoned and left alone in the apartment.  The husband refused to include her in any of his social activities.  After two months, he sent her back to India.  He then sued for divorce.

The wife had an expert on Indian law testify that in Indian society the wife, who is in her twenties, would be totally shamed and reduced to an unmarriageable status by a divorce.  The judge noted that the wife’s responsive pleadings had included all the elements necessary for an annulment, offered her the opportunity of amending them to seek an annulment, and granted an annulment on fraud grounds instead of a divorce. The judge found that the husband’s conduct showed that, whatever his motives in getting married may have been, “he certainly did not intend the objects of matrimony when he did, and therefore he committed fraud.”
The judge had the husband pay the wife the amount of the dowry which had been paid by the wife’s family, and controlled and dissipated by the husband and his family.  The rationale is that the dowry was a gift to the wife, for her benefit, and thus her separate property.  Testimony from Indian lay witnesses, as well as the expert witness, showed that dowry is a gift from the wife’s family intended to let the new bride “set up a suitable and comfortable household for her husband, and is “considered to be the property of the woman … held by custom by the husband’s family” for her benefit.  Also, according to custom, “the wife can demand the dowry” for her own use.
In India, dowry is not illegal, but making an excessive demand for dowry is.  At the time of this decision, the wife’s family had sued the husband and his family in India for he return of the dowry and brought criminal charge against them for excessive dowry demands.  The husband’s family had in fact been arrested for this, and an arrest warrant and extradition proceedings for the husband were pending.

(If anyone wants  a copy of the transcript, I have some.)